Already tried to install sandboxed play services, but unforunatley, this didn't help. After a restart, The SIMs option under Settings -> Network & internet is greyed out for several minutes. During this time it sais "Not available" for both sim slots in About Phone.
After several minutes it asks for the PIN of the physical SIM. After that, the status of sim slot 2 is still unavilable. I have tried to delete delete the eSIM Profile, but this was also not possible (also tried this with play services installed and priviled eSIM option on). Installing a new eSIM profile is also not possible.
My gut feelings says, that maybe the eSIM is broken. Was a firmware update part of the new version? Or maybe it is just coincidence that the eSIM breaks at the same moment.