I've been having this problem too (Pixel 6a; GOS). I'm on Belong, which is running on the Telstra network. Others in this thread have seen the problem on Telstra, and also on Boost Mobile (also Telstra). I also see some on T-Mobile with this issue.
This might sound a bit out of left-field, but I suspect the problem is 464XLAT. Telstra and T-Mobile are the only two telcos I know of that have deployed 464XLAT.
I found a way to make this issue far easier to replicate. I enabled 4X4XLAT and DNS64/NAT64 on WiFi. I set the "v6-only-preferred" flag on kea DHCP, the "nat64prefix" flag on radvd, and the "dns64" property in BIND9. I had to use radvd 1.20 RC1, as the current stable version (1.19) does not support nat64prefix" (RFC8781).
This caused my phone to connect with a standard IPv6 address, and a 192.0.0.x IPv4 address. You can observe this on the "About phone" page in GOS. The IPv4 address in that range signifies that CLAT is being used. If you're on Telstra, you'll see a similar IP configuration when Wifi is disabled.
When the phone is in this state, it almost always dropped the call. It even happens with a VoWifi call on the same WLAN. Interestingly, my wife's phone (Pixel 7 Pro; Stock Google ROM; Optus) started to have the same issue when connected to WiFi. I don't think this issue is limited to just GOS. It may be a Pixel thing as some have suggested.
If you hook the phone up to adb logcat and call it, you'll see it log when the phone call comes in. It does this without reacting to the incoming call in any way. Sometimes it will display the missed call SMS while the other phone is still off-hook and waiting for the other end to pick up.
If would be great if someone could see if it's just me, or if there is some truth to this.