Having skimmed through your article it sounds to me like the problem is that all networks are insecure by design and it is up to the lawmakers, carriers and other operators to improve their security. GrapheneOS already assumes all networks are bad and have implemented all effective measures against that it can, including, as per @Hulk's bear-simile, the issues in the article.
And as for targeted malicious signaling messages, doesn't the last paragraph cover that specifically?
Receiving a silent SMS is not a good indicator of being targeted by your cell carrier, police or government because anyone on the cell network can send them including yourself. Cellular triangulation will happen regardless of whether or not SMS texts are being sent or received by the phone. Even if an SMS did serve a useful purpose for tracking, a silent SMS would be little different than receiving unsolicited spam. In fact, sending spam would be stealthier since it wouldn't trigger alerts for silent SMS but rather would be ignored with the rest of the spam. Regardless, sending texts or other data is not required or particularly useful to track devices connected to a network for an adversary with the appropriate access.
Airplane mode is the only way to avoid the cellular network tracking your device and works correctly on the devices we support.