- Edited
The setting "Charging only when locked, except before first unlocked" is grammatically correct but unnecessarily verbose. The word: 'except' means to the exclusion of; so BFU is the object and the excluded or unless condition that needs to be meet. So then except BFU then AFU. When in BFU your phone is obviously locked and has never been unlocked.
So saying "Charging only when in BFU" would suffice.
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