GrapheneOS
Not wanting to open a discussion here, but work profile works without a management app afaik.
An app like shelter allows to install apps to another profile, which can also be used to update them locally. This does not exist with work profiles.
Apart from that, work profile apps are integrated better. They have a normal app drawer placement, they can be added to the homescreen. They use the share portal as private space, using the app share2storage you can share files.
There is a quicksettings widget to turn them off, this doesnt exist for the private space.
Calling the OS integration better is a @bold hypothesis