Just for a quick test using Pixel 6, I checked to see if I was able to see my phone with Debian 12.
I had a clean install of Debain 12 on a spare disk and installed chromium using apt.
I installed android-sdk-platform-tools-common.
Disabled fwupd
Enabled OEM unlocking on the phone and booted into fastboot.
In the web installer I selected "Unlock bootloader"
Here I got a pop-up asking me to select my device, it was already populated with Pixel 6.
After selecting the device and clicking ok, the screen on my phone changed to warn me about unlocking so the device was connected.
Did you get this far?