- Edited
I only have a very limited experience with intune (it wasn't great), and there might be one or two thing that you might find desirable, but I don't think it would be a fundamental improvement.
- A third party authenticator app (e.g. Aegis, Yubikey, or even Google authenticator). The option to enroll an authenticator other than microsoft in your microsoft account is in small text but it is there. There are plenty of tutorial.
- You could use a different mail client. There are a few email client that support Oath2 for example, assuming it is allowed by policy. This could be time consuming and offers limited rewards. You might have instructions provided by NHS if you are lucky.
I wouldn't expect any of this to limit the type and quantity of data collected, but this might give you the option to better separate your work from your personal profile. I personally wouldn't trust Microsoft to make the distinction between my work and personal account, your opinion may be different. Storing some credentials on a Yubikey might make extracting them more difficult for an attacker. Not many malware survive a reboot and GOS support auto-reboot (Settings>Security and Privacy>Exploit protections). NFC only have a range of a few centimetres and you can put a pin on the Yubikey itself, so that any potential attacker bumping into your pocket will be greeted with a password prompt. There are alternatives to a Yubikey, Nitrokey is one of them.
Again I am no security expert. It's best that you do your own research.