Just sharing my case if it is helpful to someone else.
In my case I have installed Brave through the Discovery software center (on Kubuntu 24.04), so it is installed via the Snap Store (or as a Flatpak) and this means it was sandboxed. These versions often cannot access hardware like USB devices even if the udev rules are correct.
To check if that's the case you can run snap list or flatpak list and if the browser you are using appears on that list, then you either need to reinstall it using the official .deb version or if you don't want to reinstall you can install chromium-browser via apt (not snap). In my case I just used Google Chrome as it wasn't installed through snap.