Pixel 6a with Graphene OS user here.
The first time I encountered this issue was actually already back in December last year. Suddenly a notification of a missed call, although the phone didn't ring and the call should have gone through. Since I rarely get any calls and didn't notice anything unusual I didn't think much about it. It once happened again in February.
Just now after reading a few fix suggestions, I disabled "4G Calling" (I assume that's what my carrier calls VoLTE). Wi-Fi calling wasn't enabled in the first place. And then I could no longer receive test-calls nor make outgoing calls. But I've been using LTE-only mode and had "Allow 2G" disabled. Only after changing both (I tried changing only either), test-calls worked again normally. I guess this might be expected, but I hadn't given it any thought before.
I've re-enabled "4G Calling" and hope that without LTE-only mode and with "Allow 2G" enabled this issue won't reappear.