No, read https://grapheneos.org/faq#encryption for more information.
Oh, that's a bit disappointing. From my understanding, it's the Titan chip which makes decryption impossible if you try to mount the drives outside of the phone. I wonder if this would be possible if you left the bootloader unlocked—then you could load a recovery ISO, perhaps SSH into it from another computer and start navigating through the shell. Technically, you're still going through the Titan chip then to mount the drives and decrypt them.