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The developers recommend accrescent, play store then obtainium in that order, obtainium is sort of a stopgap measure untill accrescent is fully developed, so it's better than the alternatives but not the best. If you use obtainium you would need to install app verifier from accrescent (so that app verifier itself is verified and installed from a verified app store), and use it to verify any obtainium apps.
The reason they suggest play store is because their play sandboxing removes all special privileges, turning it into a normal app, and at https://grapheneos.org/usage#sandboxed-google-play they say that
The Play Store app is also the most secure way to install and update apps from the Play Store.
If you want to isolate the play store better, see some of the suggestions in the first article linked here: https://discuss.grapheneos.org/d/21487-seprand-articles-and-guides-about-grapheneos-by-the-community
About F-Droid and Aurora, the developers said:
GrapheneOS Our own App Store, Accrescent and App Verifier are highly recommended by GrapheneOS.
For apps in the Play Store, sandboxed Google Play Store is the most secure way to obtain them and many of them depend on sandboxed Google Play anyway. Making a purpose-specific Google account for this is very useful. If you're obtaining apps from the Play Store, you're trusting the Play Store to package and sign those apps regardless and many of those apps choose to include the Google Play SDK and libraries anyway.
We cannot recommend Aurora Store at the moment due to security issues. There is some initial work on addressing it but the main issue of not verifying signatures. The default account sharing is a potential problem but not the main issue, and it's likely to stop working at some point anyway.
We cannot recommend F-Droid due to major security and trustworthiness issues. We don't recommend adding this as another trusted party instead of using developer builds. You do not truly avoid trusting the app developers since they build whatever is released with near zero scrutiny and even serious review would not realistically catch issues
They have said this many times recently, I just wasn't able to find the more recent threads discussing it.
Here is one of the more recent threads about f-droid: https://discuss.grapheneos.org/d/23666-response-to-misinformation-about-our-sensors-permission-from-f-droid