I can confirm that USB Security Keys (U2F & Passkeys) don't work properly right now.
1) Logins and adding/registering USB Security Keys seems to work in all apps that provide support for them.
2) Only adding USB Security Keys to an online account works in Vanadium on my end. Any login attempts into those accounts will fail though.
3) The built-in security key of the Pixel 9 always works perfectly fine in all cases.
Hopefully this can be fixed soon with an updated Version of Sandboxed Play Services.
Pixel 9
GrapheneOS 2025041100
Play Services 25.08.32