It was recommended to me to download apk (whatever that means) via the file app for Gcam... but is Gcam really better in terms of optical or digital zoom? Further image quality is just defined by the megapixels of the phone/camera, and not the app, right?

How about a gallery app? Any suggestions better than the stock grapheneos gallery?

    Absence-gray The amount of megapixels, light, and detail captured by any camera app will be the same. I have found that gcam has better post-processing of the captured data though. Google has spent many hours refining their algorithms to create the best image captured through their phones' cameras. To get gcam you can look for the pixel camera app on the play store for maximum security. For better privacy you can find it on aurora store.

    For a gallery app I suggest getting Aves Libre through the accrescent store (you can get accrescent in the graphene os app store).

    If you do decide to go with gcam, you may notice that it doesn't allow you to click on the photo you just took to view in Aves Gallery or any gallery other than google photos. You can use this to get around that issue: https://github.com/lukaspieper/Gcam-Services-Provider