Thank you but I know how to use the search.
It is not a hardware fault, since three Pixel 9a devices are affected and time is not drifting without the Always-on VPN (or at least then automatically re-synchronizes so quickly after power-up, that I couldn't notice).
It also is not a network misconfiguration like blocked GrapheneOS domains, as Pixel 6 uses the exact same VPN configuration without any such issues.
So, it more likely might be a design fault or some software issue only affecting newer hardware. (?)