When the phone is turned on and plugged in, I have noticed that even when bypass charging is active on my Pixel 6a, the battery status alternates between "CHARGING" and "NOT_CHARGING", even when using the OEM charger and OEM USB C cable.
termux-battery-status (link) can be used to query for battery status, and the shield icon in the status bar should indicate that battery charging is on:
it has bypass charging to use power directly from the charger without going through the battery. It shows the shield icon while doing this.
From https://discuss.grapheneos.org/d/18611-grapheneos-version-2024123000-released/63