Stewart
Stewart Is it recommended to disable the "Sensors" permissions for [user-installed] apps
This will depend on your threat model. Since GrapheneOS leaves it enabled by default, I would say it is not necessarily recommended to disable them. The reason for leaving them enabled, is that some apps expect to have them, and it can cause those apps to not work. Clearly there is a tradeoff involved. If misuse of sensors is something that concerns you, I'd say there is little risk of disabling the permission and see what happens. Most apps will probably work fine. Just remember you did that if some app stops working!
Stewart including system apps?
Definitely not recommended.
Stewart What are the potential risks of leaving these permissions enabled?
Sensors can collect a lot of data from the environment. That data could potentially be used to identify you, where you are, who is around you, etc. The barometer can apparently even be used as a microphone. I haven't heard of any apps actually doing this for malicious purposes, but it is definitely possible.