Rizzler i started a thread about this, and one of first replies had this link https://grapheneos.social/@GrapheneOS/11331995763467028i
Its 7 years old and has many comments very similar to yours
I find it interesting, and wondering does this coincidence mean that there was not to much reasons for the situation to shift? My knowledge of this topic is very limited, and i simply don't know how many things in it work and only trying to find answers.
I find the fact that a graphene pixel does not have any control of the traffic it's tethering, a headshot into it's usage as a main AP
Tunneling that traffic through a vpn is in a state of science fiction for over decade hence tethered traffic is served to isp and co. on a silver platter, no?
Feel free to respond in the thread i started
https://discuss.grapheneos.org/d/17386-what-sources-are-out-there-for-a-cellular-router-and-a-data-plan-for-it
not take this one off the rails.