I wanted to add that I'm now experiencing this on my Pixel 7 and the latest version of tiktok that revanced patches were available for (v32.5.3), even after patching it myself. I also verified that my patched apk worked on a different, non Graphene phone (a stock Pixel 6a), and had no issues.
So, duck1 is probably right in that it now requires something that GrapheneOS is incompatible with.