p338k Not correct. It sounds like you are confusing Google Password Manager with Android's third-party passkey functionality. Proton Pass uses the latter, and doesn't add any further requirements. Play Services is required, but being signed in to a Google account is not required. I tested this just now. It sounds like you didn't follow the instructions Proton provided: https://proton.me/support/pass-use-passkeys
Not sure what you mean by "Google" having network access. Play Services requires network access for a lot of things. Doesn't automatically follow that all your logins are automatically sent to Google's servers. Would want to see any evidence of this happening before I would be inclined to believe that.
I respect that people would prefer to avoid using Play Services. It's unfortunate that Android's passkey functionality seems to require Play Services. Google should have integrated it fully in upstream AOSP.