I am not sure.
Just to be on the safe side, you also have Google Store and Google Services Framework installed, right?
My understanding that all three packages are needed (Google Play Services + Store + Framework).
And are you sure Google Play Services are running? Because I don´t see "a small square symbol" in the upper left corner on your phone in the picture.
To be on the safe side, I would recommend installing the app from Play Store.
I am sorry I don´t have further tips. Maybe another user can help further if he faced the same problem. I can´t replicate it.