THX - for the all replies, i tried it once again with an fresh GrapheneOS install this morning;
installed GoogleServices first, granted permissions, did a reboot and installed Signal (from GooglePlayStore) - so to be honest pretty much the same procedure as last time; although I'm not sure if I did a reboot after installing GoogleServices.
@[deleted]: I can confirm that the registration sms worked without an issue (no manual PIN entering necessary),
nevertheless GPushService seems not to be used without another reboot; in my case there was still the message at least once "signal is running in the background ..."
Is there a way to check which apps are using the GooglePushService?
Battery consumptoin indicates that Signal is using GPS now - If not i'll just run with my current setting ...