Well... the replacement device behaves exactly like the first one.
The charging stops at 75-80% if I use the built in cable.
I was also able to test the powerbank with the OnePlus (original OS) of a friend, it charges up to 100% without issues even with the built in cable.
As one assumed before: I also think it is some sort of smart charging software intelligence black magic that the powerbank is bringing.
I might be able to test with a Pixel 6a with GOS in the next days.
The initial reason why I opened this thread in the GOS forum was that I was wondering if there are maybe any code adjustments in the charging behaviour between stock OS and GOS.
I can't imagine that this issue occurs with every Pixel phone and this specific powerbank, the manufacturer is too big and Pixel phones are too widely spread for that.
Of course I can live with this but the technic nerd in me wants to know what exactly is going on and of course I'm a little annoyed because the nicely built in cable was a big argument for choosing exactly this powerbank.
I will come back to tell you how the charing of the Pixel 6a will have worked.
Thank you guys a lot for your effort so far!