The features in dev options are not production ready, they are for testing and development and are not stable. They may do unexpected things. They can cause security and usability issues.
usb debugging opens up a huge security hole giving the device you connect to, which will be far less secure than GrapheneOS, hugely privileged control over the device.
To illustrate how dev options can be problematic Ill describe issues related to changing Developer option settings that people mention above in this discussion. These issues are likely to be unexpected to many people.
There was a serious issue that came with an update to a new Android version and only hit people with a particular cut out option selected in dev options. Made it impossible for them to interact with their devices. Took some time to diagnose and push out a fix for them during which time they couldnt use their device
https://grapheneos.org/releases#2021102613
The GrapheneOS team also have security concerns related to changing the animation speed, particularly related to the lock screen. The AOSP lock screen code is complex and not in great condition. The GrapheneOS team had to fix various issues during implementation of the fingerprint 2FA unlock. Google is in the process of a major rewrite of the lockscreen.
We have seen lockscreen issues related to changing animations settings and would advise avoiding making such changes if at all possible.
https://grapheneos.org/releases#2025011500