I use Signal without Play Services as well, and I've never experienced that much battery loss overnight. I see about 4% battery loss overnight, while running Signal, K-9 Mail, DAVx⁵, and Syncthing.
I suspect your issue has more to do with other services running, or your cellular signal. I have read here that 5G is known to cause higher power consumption, and it is sometimes recommended to try setting your network preference to LTE Only.
I have a 3G/LTE-only carrier, so I can't comment on the 5G performance myself.
My only suggestions would be try disabling 5G, ensure that your phone is stored in a location where reception is strong, and disable Bluetooth and GPS when not in use.
Edit: Ignore my comment about 5G, I somehow missed that you're using LTE already.