Sometimes it helps to use the brave browser instead of the Google Browser. Just install that one without changing anything in the browser settings, to rule out any misconfiguration.
The cable is important too. You should use the cable that came with the phone, it should work. If your computer does not have USB -C to connect it, you need to try several USB - A to C cables until one works.
Obviously your computer already sees the Pixel Phone, what seems to indicate the cable is a good one.
I had the problem that the phone never appeared in Google Chrome, but with the Brave Browser it did work.
Just follow the instructions given on the web installer page.