Using adb shell pm uninstall --user 0 app.grapheneos.apps, I was able to remove the App Store from the default profile.
With "adb shell pm list users" I can see both profiles
Users:
UserInfo{0:Eigentümer:4c13} running
UserInfo{10:Arbeitsprofil:1030} running****
and delete the App Store with "adb shell pm uninstall --user 10 app.grapheneos.apps".
But the following errors are appearing:
C:\WINDOWS\system32> adb shell pm uninstall --user 10 app.grapheneos.apps
Exception occurred while executing 'uninstall':
java.lang.SecurityException: Shell does not have permission to access user 10
com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.handleIncomingUser:13902 android.app.ActivityManager.handleIncomingUser:5296 com.android.server.pm.PackageManagerShellCommand.translateUserId:3956
at com.android.server.am.UserController.handleIncomingUser(UserController.java:2923)
at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.handleIncomingUser(ActivityManagerService.java:13902)
at android.app.ActivityManager.handleIncomingUser(ActivityManager.java:5296)
at com.android.server.pm.PackageManagerShellCommand.translateUserId(PackageManagerShellCommand.java:3956)
at com.android.server.pm.PackageManagerShellCommand.runUninstall(PackageManagerShellCommand.java:2226)
at com.android.server.pm.PackageManagerShellCommand.onCommand(PackageManagerShellCommand.java:280)
at com.android.modules.utils.BasicShellCommandHandler.exec(BasicShellCommandHandler.java:97)
at android.os.ShellCommand.exec(ShellCommand.java:38)
at com.android.server.pm.PackageManagerService$IPackageManagerImpl.onShellCommand(PackageManagerService.java:6703)
at android.os.Binder.shellCommand(Binder.java:1155)
at android.os.Binder.onTransact(Binder.java:957)
at android.content.pm.IPackageManager$Stub.onTransact(IPackageManager.java:4855)
at com.android.server.pm.PackageManagerService$IPackageManagerImpl.onTransact(PackageManagerService.java:6687)
at android.os.Binder.execTransactInternal(Binder.java:1455)
at android.os.Binder.execTransact(Binder.java:1389)