I have Google dialer working; however, the carrier could be a factor. I have AT&T. I have carrier services installed along with the Google app. I allowed the relevant permissions for calls, including Network, Contacts, Call Logs, and Phone for both the dialer and Google. Try restarting the device after doing the install and setting the permissions. If you're still having an issue, try clearing the data for the dialer, checking the permissions again (since they'll reset at times), and restarting the phone. You might also have to enable read device identifier within permissions for via ADB for Play Services.