First of all, thank you very much for any answer!
One thing in advance... I have returned the Pixel 8a and will get a new one. The fear that something was wrong with the hardware was too great. Strangely enough, however, the stock OS ran perfectly.
The red triangle is actually not worrying as this is common in the bootloader menu. After starting or booting, the yellow triangle appears with the warning that another OS is being loaded. In this case it was GrapheneOS. I actually compared the hash value every time, everything was fine. I also flashed with the original USB C cable. It can't be the cable, as I was able to successfully flash the Pixel Tablet.
I was really overwhelmed yesterday as I followed everything step by step at least 5 times.
This time I'm not trying to flash with the tablet, but with a PC. Since I only have Ubuntu installed on the PC, the question is whether it is advisable to flash with Brave or Chromium. I can also use another distro for this purpose if any of you have had good experience.
I will not give up... I will give it a second chance.