the following issue has nothing to do with carrier settings being misconfigured/out-of-date on GrapheneOS.
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the reason the carrier settings version is different is that these versions vary depending on the generation of your device.
for 9th generation latest version for telstra_au is 60000000006
whereas for 7th generation it is 60000000020
.23 is a number added by Google's CarrierSettings app and doesn't serve any purpose