redfoxjumper If the app was recently published/updated on the play store, I believe the phone state permission doesn't give acesss to the telephone number. At least according to the android developer documentation.
I am not sure how you arrived at such a conclusion from the link that you provided: redfoxjumper
The READ_PHONE_NUMBERS permission, which exists since Android 11, and is part of the user facing Phone permission we see in AOSP, and still gives access an app access to the phone numbers on your device.
It is not correct to say that the phone number is not shared with an app with the phone permission. It is.
The change illustrated in the link you provided, i.e,. to switch from READ_PHONE_STATE permission to the more limited permission READ_PHONE_NUMBERS means that standard apps with the phone permission can no longer read hardware identifiers like the IMEI. That is a constraint for all apps targeting SDK 30 or higher.