I also have the same problem almost every time the battery drains completely. I only can prevent the loop, if I plug in a good fast (25 W) charger immediately when the phone turns off.
I think the problem is that the phone tries to boot again too early. The battery is still too empty. I also measured the charging during boot. Charging stops after the "different operating system" screen, when the GrapheneOS logo is shown. Then it tries to boot, but the battery drains again and so on. I think that is rather a critical problem, because it took me (person with technical knowledge) hours to be able to use my phone again...the only thing that helps, is to stop the boot process in "different operating system" screen and charge the battery in this state. Then it boots normally again.
A solution would be, to tell the phone to shut down earlier - at 5%, maybe. Or not allowing it to turn itself on again until the battery is charged enough. And I do not understand why the phone boots again after it turned itself off (because of a drained battery) when it is pluged to a charger. It should rather stay off and I could turn it on manually...
Hopefully there is a solution in a future release - thanks a lot for this great OS!