schweizer It's unfortunate that some users are missing some phone calls. But so far it seems as if Google may have shipped some unstable code several months ago, and then shipped an update that appears to have worked for a great many people, and then a much smaller number of people are still having missed-call issues.
This sort of problem might be due to multiple factors -- maybe glitches in the cellular modem that miss calls, or glitches in some part of the OS that fail to wake the device, or due to problems in a carrier's network, or thin cellular signal strength. It's even possible, if some users frequently experience missed calls primarily in one particular location, that a particular cell site has a problem (I have personally experienced this). It is quite possible that different users experiencing "the same problem" are troubled by different causes.
In this thread, since June 16 (so let's say two months), if I am counting correctly, there have been seven user reports. One thing that stands out is that I think 7/7 reports were for physical SIMs rather than eSIMS (though I doubt that's relevant). I think I see 7 different carriers in 6 different countries. Though I am by no means an expert on cellular carriers, to my eyes it looks like maybe two large-ish carriers and then five smaller carriers / MVNOs (where technical expertise may be a little thinner). I think two(?) of the reports are from rural areas, where signal strength may be lower.
By comparison, when Google shipped janky Bluetooth code earlier this year, the forum lit up with many threads and many people posting. I say that not to suggest that there isn't a problem when an incoming phone call is dropped! But when an issue has multiple possible causes and not a lot of data points, there may not be a quick path toward diagnosing a particular causal factor. If a GrapheneOS user experiencing this problem happened to be nearby a GrapheneOS developer, that would be useful, but it's not clear that's that's the case.
Personally I live in a bowl on top of a hill, and LTE coverage is terrible. I have a Samsung "femtocell", which makes a huge difference. Amusingly, by sniffing around the neighborhood, it appears that a bunch of my neighbors also have installed femtocells, which makes sense because we all live in a bowl on top of a hill. It's not cheap, but it might be something to try. If a femtocell makes missed calls go away, the problem may have been low signal strength; if not, that might be useful evidence for diagnosing whatever is going on.
Sometimes a carrier will issue a femtocell for free to a customer who complains a lot, though my sense is that may happen only with larger carriers.
Edit: Please note that I do not speak for the GrapheneOS project.