vtspffg If I have a VPN with the settings "Always-on VPN" and "Block connections without VPN" enabled, do all of these connections go through the VPN?
Internet connectivity checks go over both plain connection and VPN. This is by design to make captive portals work.
Each profile has it's own VPN connection. If you want to avoid connecting to GOS services from a secondary user profile, disable "Apps" app. Keep it enabled in the Owner profile so GOS apps are kept updated. Once an app is updated in one profile, it's updated in all profiles.