I'm really interested in this topic as well and I'm hoping some of the very knowledgeable people of this forum will respond.
My 2cents on this: you can refuse to share call logs and contacts info with your car, so that's a plus. Also, grapheneos randomizes the phone's Bluetooth address (I can't recall if that's done for every connection or for every different connected device), so I guess that helps protecting the user's privacy as well.