This is probably just a permission issue, which prevents Chromium to be able to connect to the USB device. To fix this you could do the following in a terminal.
Check if your current user is part of the "dailout" group:
groups ${USER}
Add the current user to the "dailout" group:
sudo usermod -aG dialout ${USER}
Restart Chromium/Chrome and you should be able to connect to your device via WebUSB