Zonal
I already use profiles, but switching it before I go outside is something I will easily forget so I need/want something automated
A Work profile is part of your current profile, you don't need to switch from your main, the Work Profile is like Private Space, but easier to share data with and does not need to unlock on boot (unless you change its encryption setting, I think).
Try https://f-droid.org/packages/com.oasisfeng.island.fdroid/ or https://f-droid.org/packages/net.typeblog.shelter/ and see how it goes. If the Work Profile is too tedious to use, just delete it and remove the app that controls it.
I believe I tried Tasker in the past for setting up something else but couldn't figure out how it worked
Tasker has confusing names if you're not familiar with it, I also had a hard time at first.
In Tasker, a "Profile" defines a trigger (e.g. a Timer, Location, Bluetooth device detection, NFC tag scan, Screen turning off, etc) that automatically runs a "Task" you define (note that some Tasks will ask you to give Tasker necessary permissions to control your phone). Note that some Profiles can trigger tasks on start but also other tasks on exit (e.g. enter a location and leave a location).
A "Scene" is (I think) a visual interface on your screen, defined how you like, you can e.g. show a panel or a map or a text box or buttons.
"Vars" are global variables, if a variable starts with an uppercase letter it is available globally (i.e. any Task can read and modify it) and listed there, otherwise it is only available within a Task.
Btw Netguard is great, but the free version is limited. It is free and open-source so you could in principle change the code slightly, compile the app, and access all features without paying but it's not trivial. I think the full version is a one-time payment of $5.
And if I understand correctly, with GOS you can set it up how I described? So 'Network permission' works/behaves differently on Graphene?
Network permission on GOS is all or nothing, the app can access any Internet available or none at all. It also must be toggled for each app, so it is painful to change often for so many apps.
I personally think the Data Saver toggled by Tasker is your best option, but it's up to you. Try and see what fits you :)