There really would never be a security reason to re-install GrapheneOS. Android Verified Boot covers everything from the bootloader to the OS, and on GrapheneOS this includes system apps, so if your system is tampered, the boot process will fail.
Cookies have absolutely nothing to do with exploit protections, and accepting cookies does not make you vulnerable in any way. To infect the host, someone would need a both browser escape and a sandbox escape, which is extremely difficult on Android, and especially on GrapheneOS with Vanadium.
The vast majority of mobile malware is temporary, so you can simply reboot if you think you are infected, and AVB will re-measure everything.