dawt 4G+ technologies like carrier aggregation aren't active unless you're doing something bandwidth intensive. It simply doesn't make sense for your phone to make 3 separate connections, eating up battery when your phone is sitting idle.
This is a good point. There is no value to the system to transmit any more power to a given device than is necessary to deliver the amount of downlink data to be sent, and especially there is no value to the device to transmit more power to cell sites than is necessary to deliver the amount of uplink data.
@KeithFarvis Carrier aggregation is available in "4G+", but by no means is it always active. If it were, the battery would quickly be drained.