I guess Im not 100% sure what you mean by 'encrypted backups over USB'
So long as the destination drive is encrypted with something like LUKS, your backups are encrypted. There's no need for specialized drives like the one you mentioned. Any drive will do
If you furthermore want the files themselves to be encrypted with a separate key than the drive itself (though I'm not sure what threat model would need this) you can use VeraCrypt
Neither of these methods are specific to GOS - or android - and should work with any USB-compatuble machine
For pictures specifically, if you're willing to abandon USB & pay for a cloud subscription, Ente Photos is a popular solution endorsed by the privacy solution for their E2EE & security practices