I tried everything I could find in this forum and on Reddit, but never got the FindHub app to work on GrapheneOS.
But today I found a workaround for the main feature I miss, namely: on the GrapheneOS device which I carry with me, determine the location of a luggage tracker which is outside the bluetooth range.
The workaround is to use the browser-based interface at https://www.google.com/android/find/ . Here you can log in with the Google account. You need to enter the screen lock PIN of another (non-GrapheneOS) device, and then it is possible to query a luggage tag which is outside the bluetooth range and to get a new location reported on a GrapheneOS device, without physical access to another non-GrapheneOS cellphone. I am putting a shortcut to https://www.google.com/android/find/ onto the desktop, so it's almost as easy to use as the FindHub app.
I still need the non-GrapheneOS cellphone for adding new luggage tags to the account or for sharing them and I guess it also needs to exist for remotely triggering a request for the latest location of a luggage tag. But I can live with that since I do not have to lug that other device around with me. And I can avoid solving the seemingly untractable problem that is discussed in this and similar threads.