thx a lot for your replies. Since aurora should simply mirror the apk from the play store there should be no difference.
You are right that there are several reports about SMS 2FA not working from kleinanzeigen, but most of them are a few years old and also could be account related. This post here is the only one I found where the description matches: GrapheneOS, switch from iOS, everything else seems to work with a physical SIM.
I already have contacted the kleinanzeigen support and asked them to check if there might be a problem with their internal 2FA block lists. I'll keep you posted. But new-user's answer doesn't give me much hope, if I will stay stuck at first level support.
Using Google Messages is not an option for me right now. As I said before: i don't really care about kleinanzeigen. I care about the technical issue and would like to understand it not least because I would like to be certain that there is no problem with other SMS that might be important. Up to this point I can tell: I receive SMS from every other service, where I can trigger a SMS. I can send and receive SMS from various contacts that use different carriers. On the one hand this is reassuring on the other hand I simply do not get what might be the deal with kleinanzeigen.
- It is not a account related 2FA block because changing it to another number worked instantly
- since the other number also runs in the same carrier network it is not carrier related
- it is not a number related 2FA block because putting my SIM back in my iPhone worked instantly
- i think it is NOT an app related problem because triggering the 2FA from my WiFi connected iPhone and therefore the iOS version did also not work. But it does by using another number or putting my SIM back in my iPhone. I also tried using the web frontend via desktop pc in different browsers. Still no SMS.
So the issue has something to do with the combination of putting my SIM into my grapheneOS phone and receiving SMS there. For whatever reason. I have no good explanation for that. But it has to be on the receiving end. Because of all the other tests I have to assume that sending the SMS itself has been triggered.