You still need to install WhatsApp on a phone to use it on desktop. So, if you are a high‑value target, a zero‑day exploit could be used on the non‑GrapheneOS phone where WhatsApp is installed, allowing the attacker to monitor past and future WhatsApp communications.
At least with GrapheneOS, security features such as a hardened memory allocator and memory tagging can thwart the attack in the first place.
You can still install WhatsApp on GrapheneOS, but enable only the essential permissions: turn on the Storage and Contacts scopes and leave Memory Tagging and other hardening features enabled.