leaf I had the same thing happen last week.
I installed GOS & subsequently created a new Google account via Sandboxed Play Store. Then I logged into the account with my laptop/browser & setup the 2FA app option, AND the account recovery codes. Afterwards, I installed a few apps & began working on setting up my Pixel.
Unfortunately, at some point over the next day, Google's vile ass logged me out of the Sandboxed Play Store; disingenuously claiming "Authentication is required. You need to sign in to your Google Account" 🙄 So, I hit "Sign in", proved I wasn't a robot, entered my password, & then provided the required 2FA code. However, Google refused to log me in, & instead demanded I provide a phone number for verification! So then I tried using one of my Recovery Codes, but once again, Google refused to log me in! I even tried logging in on my browser, of course to no avail.
Anyways, as it stands I can't log in to my account unless I provide Google's INIQUITOUS "service" a real phone number (they rejects VoIP #'s). I'm not surprised by this really, but the brazen gaslighting does sort of blow my mind. Claiming they need verification while I've literally provided multiple other forms of verification is pretty unscrupulous! What's even more retarded is that providing a phone number at this point verifies nothing considering I never gave a number to begin with! But hey, this type of insidious behavior is why we're all here ditching Google's dismal "service"!