PV1S Play Store will tell me "card declined" give me either one of 3 errors, [OR-CCESH-05], [OR-PFGVEM-25], or [OR_BPA_01] but most of the time the 25 error shows up.
Unless Play Store started banning payments being conducted from GrapheneOS (there have been no reports of this), the errors you are getting indicate that your payment provider declined the purchase.
PV1S I'm able to add my card through Play Store on my phone and in the browser.
Adding a card as a payment method is something different than making an actual purchase, as it doesn't necessarily require anything to be withdrawn from the card. I suggest you take a look at the troubleshooting steps under "Common reasons payments can fail" here: https://support.google.com/a/answer/2523116?sjid=14517753709096564696-EU