Can an app keep some information if its data get cleared?

Open_Source_Enjoyer

If I use a certain app and login with account A, then clear the app data and login with account B, can the app link both accounts together based on device information?
If yes, can the app also do this if I delete it and re install it?

Independent from the other points: Can the app link the accounts based on the fact that the same google account is used, if the app is installed with Google Play Store?

akc3n

Open_Source_Enjoyer If yes, can the app also do this if I delete it and re install it?

If you manually installed the app using an apk in the owner profile, you'd need restart the device after deleting (uninstalling) it or ending the session if this was done in a secondary user profile before attempting to redownloading or reinstalling the apk. Though, it would be best to use another secondary profile.

You may also be interested in reading this comment:
https://discuss.grapheneos.org/d/17118-identifiers-across-private-space-and-profiles/4

Open_Source_Enjoyer Independent from the other points: Can the app link the accounts based on the fact that the same google account is used, if the app is installed with Google Play Store?

If using the same Google account... Yes!

Upstate1618

akc3n If you manually installed the app using an apk in the owner profile, you'd need restart the device after deleting (uninstalling) it or ending the session if this was done in a secondary user profile before attempting to redownloading or reinstalling the apk. Though, it would be best to use another secondary profile.

Why do I need to restart the device? I've never heard of this

akc3n

Upstate1618 Why do I need to restart the device? I've never heard of this

Generally speaking... without a reboot, system caches, background process, and memory may retain partial data. Restarting the device cleans all that up. As does ending a session in a secondary profile if you had gone that route.

Open_Source_Enjoyer

akc3n Generally speaking... without a reboot, system caches, background process, and memory may retain partial data

Is there data in the system cache that identifies the device and can be read by the app? And if i force stop the app, after deleting its data, is the background process problem solved?