The answer is: They can, but they only will if someone coded them to do so.
With emphasis on them: Both apps need to be coded for it.
For example a malware (or one from Google ;)) app can't drain data from other apps just because it wants to.
But I would bet that Google Play Store and Maps will share data if your question went for this.
Personally, I installed Play Store and Maps in the Private Space which is only unlocked if I actually need it to be.