I first had to websearch for ADB to know what It is. No i didnt. Neither did i Change any settings to the system components, you mentioned.
Beside this, i tried the Reset app preferences.... and it didnt work like i hoped it would.
I was finally able to See the storage and folders. Something was odd, because all pictures were shown in Grey and could not be opened. But all Folders showed up
I got some external storage to save the camera files. But in that time everything was deleted without my doing. The Phone is now nearly blank. Only the Apps are untouched and work. I dont know what triggered this scenario, but it didnt work in my favor.
Everything not (externaly) saved is Lost....