androidin Don't understand since also in GrapheneOS one can set SUPL to GrapheneOS proxy.
SUPL is a way to get satellite orbit data to a device over the Internet so the device can more efficiently use satellite signals to determine position (source). But if a device can't receive satellite signals then SUPL does not replace the missing necessary data.
androidin Which service is that which is gathering data?
SUPL does not gather data. Google's location service does, if it is enabled.