To be honest, I don't know what's causing this issue but I do have some ideas of things you could check.
I do know that in secondary user profiles you might need to use the default Messaging app or the Google Messages app. In the owner user profile, a third party SMS app should be fine.
I would try either temporarily disabling your secondary user profiles, or setting your SMS app to the default one in your secondary user profiles, and then seeing whether you receive SMS messages correctly in the owner profile.