Pixel 9 user, I can add my voice to the confirming others that setting up a work profile during the "Crashed" stage did work.
The only change I made was it took two attempts for me. The first time I did not see the work profile listed under all apps so I restarted the process. It was again stuck until I tapped one of existing notifications to go back to the "Finish setting up" screen and was able to continue successfully.